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Renaissance route in Malopolska

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Kraków. Kanonicza street

Kraków. Kanonicza street

Kraków. Kanonicza street (detail)

Kraków. Kanonicza street (detail)

Kraków. Kanonicza street (detail)

Kraków. Kanonicza street (detail)

Kanonicza, a street that lies in the old city, follows an irregular course, and continues from Senacka Street to Podzamcze Street, on the northern side of Wawel Hill. Attention is drawn to unique mansions with beautiful stone portals and other elements of Renaissance architecture.

 

Palace of the Bishop Samuel Maciejowski (ul. Kanonicza 1)

This mansion was built in 1531-1532 by Canon Samuel Maciejowski to replace a former wooden structure. Constructed on a square plan of with arrow slits in the walls, it is a storeyed building, with a hallway along the axis, and an arcaded gallery in the quadrangle, where an arcade, which is the work of Bartolommeo Berrecci or his disciples, was discovered.

Mansion 'Under the Angels' (ul. Kanonicza 2)

The house was built in the second half of the 16th century from the connection of two Gothic townhouses; its main decoration is a high crenellated parapet wall.

House No. 3 (ul. Kanonicza 3)

This mediaeval townhouse was thoroughly refurbished in the 1530s. The stonework of the windows in the façade dates back to the period.

Mansion 'Under the Three Crowns' (ul. Kanonicza 7)

This Gothic residential building was redeveloped from 1504 to 1523 to the commission of Canon Jan Karnkowski. The Gothic-Renaissance windows on the first floor of the façade, attracting the eye with their elegant mullions and straight cornices, date back to that period, and so does the portal (with a reconstructed gate) bearing features of both Gothic and Renaissance. Visible over it is the inscription - Dominus audiator meus et protector meus (the Lord hears me and protects me). In the last quarter of the 16th century, an arcaded gallery was built in the courtyard, and probably the second wooden storey was added, to be transformed into a masonry one in the 17th century.

Chapter House (ul. Kanonicza 13)

The house was modernised in the first half of the 16th century. At the time the Renaissance-Gothic windows and architectural detail were added to the façade.

Szreniawa Chapter House (ul. Kanonicza 15)

Gothic-Renaissance windows were applied in the first half of the 16th century while refurbishing an older building.

'Under the Butterfly' (ul. Kanonicza 16)

In the mid-16th century, the mansion belonged to a bishop and humanist, Marcin Kromer, who funded the Renaissance portal with a Latin inscription. The painting decoration in one of the rooms presenting, among others, Four Fathers of the Church, dates back to the 1520s.

Palace of Bishop Erasmus Ciolek (ul. Kanonicza 17)

The mansion emerged in 1505 from the joining of two houses, following the design of Bishop Erazm Ciołek, who in this way created a so-called curia ampla, i.e. The Broad Court (wielki dwór), considered the most impressive in Kanonicza Street in the 16th century. Leading to the mansion is a Renaissance gate with a cartouche bearing a crowned eagle intertwined with the letter S, the initial of King Sigismund the Old. Today, the mansion houses a branch of the National Museum in Kraków.

Palace of Florian Mokrski (ul. Kanonicza 18)

The house was reconstructed in 1560-1563, most probably with the participation of Jan Michałowicz from Urzędów, to whom the portal is ascribed.

House No. 19 (ul. Kanonicza 19)

The house was reconstructed in 1537-1540 to make a majestic residence in Renaissance style with a two-storeyed arcaded courtyard.

Deanery (ul. Kanonicza 21)

Beautifully preserved, the Renaissance residence of the Deans of the Kraków Chapter was built in 1582-1588. Its Italian architect, Santi Gucci, followed here the traditional scheme of a Renaissance chapterhouse residence with an arcaded courtyard. The façade of the Deanery is decorated with sgraffito and features an impressive and extremely precious mannerist portal with the inscription on the frieze reading Procul este profani. Also worthy of special attention is the arcaded courtyard, decorated with Ionic columns placed on the ground floor, and quadrangular pillars on the upper floor. The residence has retained plenty of elements of the original stonework: Renaissance portals, heraldic escutcheons, and window frames.

House of Długosz (ul. Kanonicza 25)

During a reconstruction in the 16th century, the external walls of the house were buttressed for reinforcement, and Renaissance elements were added; in their number, there are the cornices over the windows, and the portal of the entrance gate from Kanonicza Street which bears a Latin inscription, and is dated to the second half of the century.

Thanks to the connections between the royal court and the milieu of the cathedral chapter, the works of Francesco Fiorentino and his collaborators are also present in the residences of the chapterhouse in Kanonicza street. The Gothic architecture and form merged with Renaissance details (the portal) and late Gothic details (the two-aisled hallway) in the mansion of Bishop Erazm Ciołek (at no. 17), completed in 1505. Similar relations were present in the home of Canon Jan Karnkowski (1504; at no. 7). Francesco's workshop also turned out elements of the chapterhouse at no. 15 (around 1520-1524), including the portal, whose Gothic form makes reference to Renaissance messages and the principles of composition.

Berrecci's workshop outlived its master's death (1537), and developed independent activity reaching - with the aid of royal, episcopal, and aristocratic patronage - even beyond Małopolska (e.g. Płock, Vilnius). The architectural and construction company that Giovanni Cini of Siena, Bernardino de Gianotis, and Filippo of Fiesole set up after having completed work on the Sigismund Chapel was particularly active. In Kraków, they worked on commissions of the canons of the Cathedral Chapter in the architectural complex on Kanonicza Street, where they built (from 1531 to 1534) the first fully Renaissance city residence for the future bishop Samuel Maciejowski (at no. 1). This was built on a triaxial single bay plane and repeated the late-Gothic solution melded with Renaissance forms (including the parapet wall) and an arcaded loggia with columns in the courtyard, offering a reduction of the Wawel model. The solution was applied again around the same time (in 1535) in the same street, in house no. 18, in whose courtyard the loggia has been preserved.